Retention as a Process

Retention is more than a routine task in document management—it’s a critical process that makes sure of compliance, security and operational efficiency. Managing records without a clear strategy can expose businesses to regulatory penalties, data security risks and mounting storage costs. An Electronic Document and Records Management Systems (EDRMS) changes the game by automating and simplifying processes, taking stress out of compliance.

At a Glance

Mastering Document Retention and Disposal: An Essential Guide

Template of Retention Policy in pdf format

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Concept of Retention

how retention works

The concept of record retention management, is as old as civilization. Ancient civilizations like Egypt and Rome recognized the need to keep records on materials like papyrus and clay tablets. Medieval Europe saw more formal record-keeping by governments, churches, and guilds often without specific retention periods.

The idea of document retention began to take shape in the early 20th century as governments and corporations needed structured ways to manage and dispose of documents responsibly.

Modern Legal and Regulatory Influences

US Federal Government and Record Retention Policies

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) was established in the United States in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping. This event marked one of the earliest government-led efforts to formalize retention policies, setting standards for how long different types of records should be kept.

Corporate and Financial Sector Regulations

With the development of complex financial markets, corporations started needing to manage records to ensure transparency and accountability. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 introduced some of the first retention requirements for financial records, mandating companies to retain documents for audit and compliance purposes.

Post-War Growth in Information Management

Following World War II, the growth in government bureaucracy and business operations led to a flood of documents and records. The invention of computers in the 1950s and the expansion of digital records created an urgent need for structured retention policies, as data storage and retrieval became essential to operations.

Development of Compliance Laws

In the late 20th century, new compliance laws (e.g., the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 in the U.S.) set forth stringent record-keeping standards for financial and operational transparency, driving organizations to adopt retention schedules.

Development of Data Protection Laws

Privacy and data protection laws, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe, further influenced retention by requiring organizations to delete records after specific timeframes to protect individual privacy.

Key Figures and Organizations

While the idea of retention evolved collectively rather than through one individual, certain entities have been influential:

  • NARA: Pioneered government standards for retention in the U.S. and influenced record-keeping globally.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Developed standards like ISO 15489 for records management, establishing global principles for retention.
  • National Archives in Various Countries: National archival bodies have contributed significantly by issuing guidelines and mandates for document retention.

What is Retention in Document Management?

document icon on screen

Document retention refers to the process of keeping records for a designated period to meet legal, regulatory, or business requirements. At the end of the retention period, documents are reviewed, securely disposed of, or archived for long-term preservation.

Retention is essential for:

  • Compliance: Ensuring documents meet laws like GDPR, HIPAA, and Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX).
  • Risk Mitigation: Protecting sensitive information by securely disposing of outdated records.
  • Operational Efficiency: Preventing clutter and keeping only the records you need.

But manual retention processes are time-consuming, prone to errors, and difficult to scale. This is where an EDRMS shines, automating retention and making it easier to manage.

How EDRMS Revolutionizes Retention

An EDRMS automates and simplifies the entire retention process. Keep your organization compliant without the headaches of manual management.

1. Retention Schedules

What They Are

Retention schedules are detailed rules that dictate how long documents should be kept and what should happen after their retention period ends (delete, archive, or review).

What an EDRMS Does

  • Allows administrators to create and modify customized schedules for different document types or categories.
  • Assigns schedules automatically based on document metadata, classification schemes, or user-defined rules.
  • Tracks retention timelines to ensure no record is kept longer than required.

For example

Financial records might have a retention period of 7 years to comply with tax regulations, while marketing materials might only need to be kept for 2 years.

2. Automated Retention Tracking and Notifications

Why It’s Needed

Manually tracking retention periods is inefficient and prone to mistakes, especially when managing thousands of records.

What an EDRMS Does

  • Tracks all retention periods in real time, from document creation to final disposition.
  • Issues automated alerts months before a document’s retention period expires, giving administrators ample time to act.
  • Provides monthly reminders for upcoming retention deadlines until action is taken.

Making sure

This ensures nothing falls through the cracks and prevents accidental non-compliance.

3. Flexible Disposition Actions

Why It’s Needed

Retention doesn’t end with keeping a document—it requires decisions on what to do when the retention period is over.

What an EDRMS Does

  • Offers multiple disposition options, such as:
    • Secure Deletion: Ensures outdated records are permanently and securely removed.
    • Archiving: Moves valuable records to long-term storage for future reference or compliance.
    • Review: Provides a structured review process where administrators can decide to retain, archive, or delete a document.
  • Logs every disposition action in an audit trail for accountability and compliance.

Making sure

This ensures that only necessary records are retained, reducing storage costs and legal risks.

4. Retention Period Flexibility

Why It’s Needed

Different records have different retention requirements, often influenced by laws, business needs, or operational processes.

What an EDRMS Does

  • Supports diverse retention triggers, such as:
    • Time-based rules (e.g., “7 years after creation”).
    • Event-based rules (e.g., “2 years after contract termination”).
    • Activity-based rules (e.g., “3 years since last access”).
  • Allows retention periods ranging from a single month to over 100 years.

Making sure

This flexibility ensures your retention policies are adaptable and meet both short-term and long-term needs.

5. Comprehensive Audit Trails

Why It’s Needed

Regulatory compliance often requires organizations to demonstrate that they have followed proper retention and disposal protocols.

What an EDRMS Does

  • Tracks and records every action taken on a document, including:
    • Who accessed it.
    • When changes were made.
    • When it was deleted or archived.
  • Generates detailed reports that make it easy to pass audits and provide accountability during reviews.

With EDRMS

With an audit trail, you always have a clear picture of your document history.

Why Organizations Need EDRMS for Retention

record management

Managing retention manually is not only inefficient but also risky. An EDRMS addresses these challenges with precision and scalability.

1. Simplifies Compliance

  • Automatically enforces retention policies that align with laws like GDPR, HIPAA, and SOX.
  • Ensures records are disposed of securely after their required retention periods.
  • Reduces the risk of fines, legal disputes, or regulatory breaches.

2. Enhances Security

  • Limits the retention of sensitive data to prevent breaches or leaks.
  • Enforces access controls to ensure only authorized users can view or manage records.
  • Provides secure disposal options for outdated records, protecting against unauthorized access.

3. Reduces Costs

  • Prevents unnecessary storage of outdated documents, saving costs on both physical and digital storage.
  • Streamlines processes to reduce the time and labor spent managing retention manually.

4. Boosts Efficiency

  • Automates tracking, notifications, and actions, freeing up administrators to focus on higher-value tasks.
  • Ensures that documents are always available when needed and disposed of when they’re not.

Retention from an Administrator’s Point of View

admin for

To turn retention from a complex challenge into a seamless process.

An EDRMS simplifies an administrator’s daunting workload of retention management by:

  • Centralizing control over retention schedules.
  • Automating notifications and workflows.
  • Offering intuitive tools for browsing, archiving, or securely disposing of records.
  • Providing a detailed audit trail to demonstrate compliance during reviews or audits.

Retention in Today’s Landscape

Connected Document Retention

Since the 2010s, several key developments have shaped and modernized the concept of document retention, largely driven by technological advances, evolving regulatory landscapes, and a growing emphasis on data privacy and security.

There is a shift towards more automated, flexible, and compliance-focused solutions. The emphasis on privacy, sustainability, and data-centric policies has modernized retention to fit the needs of today’s digital landscape. Organizations now rely on EDRMS not only for regulatory compliance but also to support efficient, secure, and sustainable data management practices.

1. Expansion of Data Privacy Regulations

GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)

Enforced in 2018, the GDPR marked a transformative moment for document retention globally. It introduced stringent rules on how long personal data can be retained, mandating organizations to delete data when it’s no longer necessary for its intended purpose. GDPR established the “right to be forgotten,” influencing data retention practices worldwide and spurring similar regulations in other regions.

California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)

Passed in 2018 and enforced in 2020, the CCPA introduced data retention obligations in the U.S., requiring organizations to delete personal data upon user request. It has set a precedent for other states to adopt similar privacy regulations, further standardizing data retention requirements.

2. Increased Focus on Data Lifecycle Management and Automation

Automated lifecycle management

As organizations began handling vast amounts of digital data, the need for automated data retention became apparent. Automated lifecycle management tools emerged to help manage data from creation to disposal, reducing human error and increasing efficiency.

Automation tools

Automation tools now enable organizations to set up retention schedules that automatically track, retain, archive, or delete data based on rules defined for each document type. These technologies allow for scalable, compliant retention practices, especially in large organizations with complex data ecosystems.

3. Rise of Cloud Storage and Its Impact on Retention

Cloud Storage

The widespread adoption of cloud storage, with providers like AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure, has changed the landscape of data retention. Cloud storage offers scalable and secure options for both active and archived data, allowing organizations to manage retention more efficiently across distributed locations.

Benefits of Cloud

Features like automated backup retention, data versioning, and long-term archival storage (e.g., AWS Glacier) provided by cloud storage to assist organizations in managing the retention and disposal of data. These features allow businesses to store data at lower costs while adhering to retention schedules.

4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Retention Management

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI and ML technologies have begun to play a role in retention by analyzing document content, usage patterns, and relevance, helping to suggest retention periods or even automate the classification of documents based on context.

Intelligent Features

AI-powered tools can assess the sensitivity and purpose of documents and apply retention rules dynamically, which is particularly useful in managing unstructured data and large data volumes.

5. Integration of Retention with Cybersecurity Protocols

Data Protection

Data breaches and security incidents have emphasized the need for secure retention practices. With increasing concerns around data exposure, retention software now integrates with cybersecurity protocols to protect sensitive data throughout its lifecycle.

Cybersecurity

Retention practices are increasingly aligned with cybersecurity frameworks, ensuring that retained data is encrypted, access is restricted, and records of access and deletion actions are maintained. This integration supports both compliance and enhanced data security, especially in regulated industries like finance and healthcare.

6. Shift from Document-Centric to Data-Centric Retention Policies

Document to Data

The retention focus has gradually shifted from specific documents to data types. This shift is evident as organizations increasingly work with large-scale data sets rather than standalone documents. Modern retention policies now focus on handling different types of data (e.g., transactional, personal, operational) in specific ways rather than focusing solely on traditional documents.

Better Governance

Data-centric retention also considers structured and unstructured data, making it adaptable to different storage systems and business functions, supporting better governance over all types of information assets.

7. Emergence of Industry-Specific Retention Standards

Industry based Standards

Different industries have developed their own retention standards to meet unique regulatory needs. For example, healthcare has HIPAA, finance has regulations from bodies like the SEC, and the automotive industry has specific standards for product data.

Standard Retention Rules

In addition to general compliance, these standards define retention rules for industry-specific documents (e.g., patient records, financial disclosures, product specifications), further emphasizing the need for adaptable, specialized retention systems.

8. Focus on Sustainable and Green Data Management Practices

Non-essential data deletion

The need for sustainable data management has influenced retention practices, as storing data indefinitely consumes energy and resources. Organizations are now being encouraged to delete non-essential data when it’s no longer needed, minimizing storage requirements.

Environment sustainability goals

Retention software increasingly includes energy-efficient data lifecycle management features, with options to archive or delete redundant or outdated data automatically, aligning retention practices with environmental sustainability goals.

9. Increased Auditing and Accountability Requirements

Auditing Practices

Governments and regulatory bodies have ramped up their auditing practices, enforcing stricter standards for data retention and disposal. Retention software now includes advanced audit trails, tracking each action taken on a document, and providing detailed reporting for internal audits and regulatory reviews.

Regulatory Scrutiny

These tools ensure that organizations can demonstrate compliance with retention policies, offering transparency and accountability that’s become crucial in an era of heightened regulatory scrutiny.

Growth of Compliance-Driven Retention Tools in the SaaS Space

SaaS-based

The rise of SaaS-based retention and records management tools, like Docupile, has enabled organizations to adopt retention practices more quickly, without heavy infrastructure investments. These tools are designed with compliance in mind, featuring built-in schedules, automated workflows, and cloud storage options.

SaaS tools simplify retention implementation, making it accessible for small to medium-sized businesses to manage regulatory compliance while scaling retention capabilities as they grow.

Retention vs. Archiving

retention vs archiving

While retention is about documents that are kept for the specified period of time, archiving focuses on long-term storage of documents which are no longer in active use.

Both are important!

But an EDRMS executes disposal according to retention policies first, so only valuable records are archived.

The key here is policy. Let retention rules guide what gets archived to avoid unnecessary storage costs.

  • Retention: Active management until the document’s lifecycle ends.

  • Archiving: Long-term preservation for records that still hold value.

Record Retention Software

docupile document retention futuristic interface

So what kind of services should a EDRMS provide to offer practical benefits of document retention? Because you want to manage the complexity of retention compliance. You want your administrative workload to reduce once you are trained in the software. Keeping your data secure should be a given from the side of the provider. All this, while being accountable and ready for audits.

Retention Schedule Management

Retention Schedule management

Tailored Retention Schedules

We help you set up flexible rules to determine how long each type of document should be kept. Whether it’s a single record, a folder, or an entire category of files, our system makes it easy to create schedules that suit your business needs.

Automated Tracking and Notifications

Our system tracks every document’s retention period and notifies you well in advance when action is needed. This proactive tracking ensures that nothing is forgotten and that compliance deadlines are always met.

Smart Disposition Decisions

Decide what happens to your records at the end of their retention period. You can choose to retain them longer, review them, securely delete them, or archive them for future use. We give you full control over these decisions.

Retention Period Flexibility

From short-term documents to records that need to be kept for decades, we support retention periods ranging from one month to 100 years. You can even trigger retention periods based on key events, like file closure or contract completion.

Disposition and Automated Reporting

Complete Action Logs

Every action, from document review to deletion or transfer, is logged and reported. You’ll always have a clear record of what happened to your files, helping you maintain accountability and pass audits with ease.

Default and Custom Retention Rules

We simplify retention with default schedules based on common document types. If your needs are more specific, our system allows you to set custom rules for individual files or folders, applying them automatically during the document creation process.

Alerts for Key Actions

You’ll never miss a deadline with our alert system. We notify you when files are nearing the end of their retention period or require further action, giving you plenty of time to review, adjust, or dispose of them properly.

Review Process Support

Structured Review Tools

Our system keeps you informed with notifications about upcoming reviews and provides tools to assess documents and their metadata. You can browse through files and make informed decisions effortlessly.

Reviewer Control

Reviewers can delete, transfer, or update retention schedules directly in the system. They can also add notes to explain their decisions, ensuring complete transparency.

Secure Access

Only authorized reviewers can access sensitive files, and our security features keep your data safe throughout the review process.

Traceable Actions

Every review decision is logged in an audit trail, ensuring all actions are fully documented and traceable.

Workflow Integration and Disposal Authorization

Integrated Workflows

Our platform works seamlessly with your existing processes, tracking the progress of reviews, upcoming disposals, and record transfers. This integration keeps your team informed and your workflows smooth.

Disposal Authorization

The system requires administrator approval, before deleting any file. This added layer of security keeps your retention policies compliant with regulatory standards. It ensures that only the right files are removed.

EDRMS is Essential

Without a clear system in place, organizations risk penalties, inefficiencies, and data vulnerabilities. An EDRMS takes the complexity out of retention by automating schedules, actions, and compliance tracking.

An EDRMS makes retention effortless by automating schedules, ensuring secure disposal, and providing transparency. Whether you’re managing financial records, contracts, or sensitive customer data, an EDRMS like Docupile can help you stay compliant, secure, and efficient.

Learn More – A Tool to Help Revolutionize Document Management for Accounting Firms

FAQs

Purpose of records retention schedule is to guide on how long to keep necessary documents as long as needed and remove unwanted records. Stay compliant and avoid regulatory risks.

A retention schedule outlines specific rules for how long a document or record needs to be kept and what should happen to it afterward. It includes:

  • Timeframes: How many months or years the document should remain in the system.
  • Disposition Actions: Whether the document should be deleted, archived, reviewed, or retained indefinitely at the end of its retention period.
  • Reasons for Retention: Why the document is kept, such as regulatory compliance, legal requirements, or business needs.
  • Trigger Events: Specific conditions that start the retention period, such as the date the document was created, last accessed, or when an event occurs (e.g., contract expiration).

A retention schedule specifies the rules for managing a document’s lifecycle. Specifically, it dictates:

  • What to Retain: Types of records or documents covered, such as contracts, invoices, or emails.
  • How Long to Retain: The exact period the record must remain accessible, based on legal, regulatory, or operational requirements.
  • What Happens Next: Clear instructions for what to do after the retention period ends, including secure disposal, archiving, or review for further action.

A records retention schedule is a formal policy that an organization uses to manage the storage and lifecycle of its records. It applies to both digital and physical documents and includes:

  • Document Categories: Organizes records by type (e.g., financial records, HR files, client agreements).
  • Retention Rules: Details specific time periods and actions for each type of record.
  • Compliance Alignment: Ensures that retention practices align with laws, industry standards, and internal policies.

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